Let's Get 7 in IELTS

The Consequences of Global Warming On Wildlife

Rising temperatures ravage coral reefs and melt the habitats of polar bears and Antarctic penguins.

Ecosystem Shifts and Species Die-Off
Increasing global temperatures are expected to disrupt ecosystems, pushing to extinction those species that cannot adapt. The first comprehensive assessment of the extinction risk from global warming found that more than 1 million species could be obliterated by 2050 if the current trajectory continues.

Warning signs today:

A recent study of nearly 2,000 species of plants and animals discovered movement toward the poles at an average rate of 3.8 miles per decade. Similarly, the study found species in alpine areas to be moving vertically at a rate of 20 feet per decade in the second half of the 20th century.

The latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report found that approximately 20 to 30 percent of plant and animal species assessed so far are likely to be at increased risk of extinction if global average temperature increases by more than 2.7 to 4.5 degrees Fahrenheit.

Some polar bears are drowning because they have to swim longer distances to reach ice floes. The U. S. Geological Survey has predicted that two-thirds of the world's polar bear sub-populations will be extinct by mid-century due to melting of the Arctic ice cap.

In Washington's Olympic Mountains, sub-alpine forest has invaded higher elevation alpine meadows. Bermuda's mangrove forests are disappearing.

In areas of California, shoreline sea life is shifting northward, probably in response to warmer ocean and air temperatures.

Over the past 25 years, some Antarctic penguin populations have shrunk by 33 percent due to declines in winter sea-ice habitat.

The ocean will continue to become more acidic due to carbon dioxide emissions. Because of this acidification, species with hard calcium carbonate shells are vulnerable, as are coral reefs, which are vital to ocean ecosystems. Scientists predict that a 3.6 degree Fahrenheit increase in temperature would wipe out 97 percent of the world's coral reefs.

Vocabuary

acidic : 酸
acidification : 酸化
alpine : 高山
antarctic : 南極
comprehensive : 廣泛的;無所不包的;綜合的
coral : 珊瑚
disrupt : 使分裂,使瓦解
drown : 淹死
ecosystem : 生態系統
elevation : 高度;海拔[C]
expected : 預期要發生的;期待中的
Fahrenheit : 華氏溫度表
floe : 浮冰
invade : 侵入
mangrove : 紅樹林
movement : 運動
northward : 向北
obliterate : 擦掉
ravage : 毀壞
reef : 礁,礁脈;沙洲;暗礁
shift : 移動
shoreline : 海岸線
shrink : 縮小
trajectory : 軌道
vertically : 垂直
vital : 至關重要
vulnerable : 脆弱
wipe : 擦